Diagnostic Imaging: Obstetrics, 5th Edition – Woodward

Diagnostic Imaging: Obstetrics

• SECTION 1: FIRST TRIMESTER

  INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW

  Embryology and Anatomy of the First Trimester

  Approach to the Early First Trimester

  Early Anatomy

• ABNORMAL INTRAUTERINE GESTATION

  Early Pregnancy Loss

  Perigestational Hemorrhage

  Chorionic Bump

  Complete Hydatidiform Mole

• ECTOPIC GESTATION

  Tubal Ectopic

  Interstitial Ectopic

  Cesarean Scar Ectopic Pregnancy

  Cervical Ectopic

  Ovarian Ectopic

  Heterotopic Pregnancy

  Abdominal Ectopic

• SECTION 2: BRAIN

  INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW

  Embryology and Anatomy of the Brain

  Approach to the Supratentorial Brain

  Approach to the Posterior Fossa

• CRANIAL DEFECTS

  Exencephaly, Anencephaly

  Occipital, Parietal Cephalocele

  Atretic Cephalocele

  Frontal Cephalocele

• MIDLINE DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES

  Abnormal Corpus Callosum

  Interhemispheric Cyst/AVID

  Aprosencephaly, Atelencephaly

  Alobar Holoprosencephaly

  Semilobar Holoprosencephaly

  Lobar Holoprosencephaly

  Septo-Optic Dysplasia

  Syntelencephaly

• CORTICAL DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES

  Schizencephaly

  Lissencephaly

  Malformations of Cortical Development

• CYSTS

  Choroid Plexus Cyst

  Arachnoid Cyst

• DESTRUCTIVE LESIONS

  Intracranial Hemorrhage

  Encephalomalacia, Porencephaly

  Hydranencephaly

• POSTERIOR FOSSA MALFORMATIONS

  Aqueductal Stenosis

  Chiari 2 Malformation

  Chiari 3 Malformation

  Dandy-Walker Malformation

  Vermian Dysgenesis

  Blake Pouch Cyst

  Mega Cisterna Magna

  Cerebellar Hypoplasia

  Rhombencephalosynapsis

• VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS

  Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation

  Arteriovenous Fistula

  Dural Sinus Malformation

• TUMORS

  Brain Tumors

  Choroid Plexus Papilloma

  Intracranial Lipoma

• PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES

  Absent Cavum Septi Pellucidi

  Mild Ventriculomegaly

  Microcephaly

  Abnormal Calvarium

  Posterior Fossa Cyst/Fluid Collection

• SECTION 3: SPINE

  Embryology and Anatomy of the Spine

  Approach to the Fetal Spine

  Spina Bifida

  Iniencephaly

  Caudal Regression Sequence

  Kyphosis, Scoliosis

  Tethered Cord

  Diastematomyelia

  Sacrococcygeal Teratoma

• FETAL INTERVENTION

  Fetal Neural Tube Treatment

• SECTION 4: FACE AND NECK

  Embryology and Anatomy of the Face and Neck

  Approach to the Fetal Face and Neck

  Cleft Lip, Palate

  Dacryocystocele

  Coloboma

  Epignathus

  Epulis

  Goiter

  Cystic Hygroma

  Cervical Teratoma

• PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES

  Abnormal Orbits/Eyes

  Abnormal Ears

  Micrognathia

  Macroglossia

• SECTION 5: CHEST

  Embryology and Anatomy of the Chest

  Approach to the Fetal Chest

  Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

  Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation

  Bronchopulmonary Sequestration

  Bronchogenic Cyst

  Congenital High Airway Obstruction Sequence (CHAOS)

  Congenital Lobar Overinflation

  Pulmonary Agenesis

  Thoracic Lymphatic Malformations

  Mediastinal Teratoma

• PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES

  Solid/Echogenic Chest Mass

  Cystic Chest Mass

• FETAL INTERVENTION

  Fetal Chest Interventions

• SECTION 6: HEART

  INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW

  Embryology and Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System

  Approach to the Fetal Heart

• ABNORMAL LOCATION

  Heterotaxy, Cardiosplenic Syndromes

  Ectopia Cordis

• SEPTAL DEFECTS

  Ventricular Septal Defect

  Atrioventricular Septal Defect

  Atrial Septal Aneurysm

• RIGHT HEART MALFORMATIONS

  Ebstein Anomaly

  Tricuspid Dysplasia

  Tricuspid Atresia

  Pulmonary Stenosis, Atresia

• LEFT HEART MALFORMATIONS

  Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

  Coarctation and Interrupted Aortic Arch

  Aortic Stenosis

  Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

• CONOTRUNCAL MALFORMATIONS

  Tetralogy of Fallot

  Transposition of the Great Arteries

  Truncus Arteriosus

  Double-Outlet Right Ventricle

• MYOCARDIAL AND PERICARDIAL ABNORMALITIES

  Echogenic Intracardiac Focus

  Cardiomyopathy

  Rhabdomyoma

  Pericardial Effusion

  Pericardial Teratoma

• ABNORMAL RHYTHM

  Irregular Rhythm

  Tachyarrhythmia

  Bradyarrhythmia

• PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES

  Vascular Rings

  Abnormal Cardiac Axis

  Chamber Asymmetry

• CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE SURGERY

  Blalock-Taussig Shunt

  Norwood Procedure

  Glenn Procedure

  Fontan Procedure

• SECTION 7: ABDOMINAL WALL AND GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

  INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW

  Embryology and Anatomy of the Abdominal Wall and GI Tract

  Approach to the Abdominal Wall and GI Tract

• ABDOMINAL WALL DEFECTS

  Gastroschisis

  Omphalocele

  Pentalogy of Cantrell

  Body Stalk Anomaly

  Bladder Exstrophy

  Cloacal Exstrophy/OEIS Syndrome

• BOWEL ABNORMALITIES

  Esophageal Atresia

  Duodenal Atresia

  Jejunal, Ileal Atresia

  Colonic Atresia

  Anal Atresia

  Cloacal Malformation/Urogenital Sinus

  Volvulus

  Enteric Duplication Cyst

• PERITONEAL ABNORMALITIES

  Meconium Peritonitis, Pseudocyst

  Abdominal Lymphatic Malformation

• HEPATOBILIARY ABNORMALITIES

  Gallstones

  Choledochal Cyst

  Splenic Cyst

  Gestational Alloimmune Liver Disease

  Biliary Atresia

  Congenital Hepatic Hemangioma

  Mesenchymal Hamartoma

  Hepatoblastoma

• PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES

  Echogenic Bowel

  Ascites

  Cystic Abdominal Mass

  Hepatomegaly

• SECTION 8: GENITOURINARY TRACT

  INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW

  Embryology and Anatomy of the Genitourinary Tract

  Approach to the Fetal Genitourinary Tract

  Urinary Tract Dilation

• RENAL DEVELOPMENTAL VARIANTS

  Unilateral Renal Agenesis

  Duplicated Collecting System

  Pelvic Kidney

  Horseshoe Kidney

  Crossed Fused Ectopia

• RENAL MALFORMATIONS

  Bilateral Renal Agenesis

  Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction

  Urinoma

  Obstructive Renal Dysplasia

  Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney

  Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease

  Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

  Congenital Mesoblastic Nephroma

• ADRENAL ABNORMALITIES

  Adrenal Hemorrhage

  Neuroblastoma

  Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

• BLADDER MALFORMATIONS

  Posterior Urethral Valves

  Prune-Belly Syndrome

  Ureterocele

  Urachal Anomalies

• GENITAL ABNORMALITIES

  Differences of Sex Development

  Hypospadias

  Ovarian Cyst

  Hydrocolpos

• PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES

  Echogenic Kidneys

  Unilateral Enlarged Kidney

  Suprarenal Mass

  Scrotal Mass

• FETAL INTERVENTION

  Fetal Urinary Tract Interventions

• SECTION 9: MUSCULOSKELETAL

  DYSPLASIAS

  Approach to Skeletal Dysplasias

  Bone Length Charts

  Achondrogenesis, Hypochondrogenesis

  Achondroplasia, Hypochondroplasia

  Amelia/Phocomelia

  Atelosteogenesis

  Campomelic Dysplasia

  Chondrodysplasia Punctata

  Cleidocranial Dysplasia

  Greenberg Dysplasia

  Hypophosphatasia

  Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia

  Osteogenesis Imperfecta

  Short Rib-Thoracic Dysplasia Syndromes

  Thanatophoric Dysplasia

• EXTREMITY MALFORMATIONS

  Clubfoot

  Rocker-Bottom Foot

  Radial Ray Malformation

  Clinodactyly

  Polydactyly

  Syndactyly

  Split Hand/Foot Malformation

  Arthrogryposis, Akinesia Sequence

  Proximal Focal Femoral Dysplasia

  Fibular/Tibial Hemimelia

• PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES

  Mildly Short Femur/Humerus

  Curved/Angulated Bones

  Abnormal Ossification

• SECTION 10: PLACENTA, MEMBRANES, AND UMBILICAL CORD

  INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW

  Approach to the Placenta and Umbilical Cord

• PLACENTA AND MEMBRANE ABNORMALITIES

  Placental Abruption

  Placenta Previa/Low-Lying Placenta

  Vasa Previa

  Placenta Accreta Spectrum

  Placental Lake, Intervillous Thrombus

  Succenturiate Lobe

  Circumvallate Placenta

  Marginal and Velamentous Cord Insertion

  Chorioangioma

  Placental Teratoma

  Placental Mesenchymal Dysplasia

• UMBILICAL CORD ABNORMALITIES

  Single Umbilical Artery

  Umbilical Vein Varix

  Persistent Right Umbilical Vein

• PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES

  Placental Cysts and Masses

  Umbilical Cord Cysts and Masses

• SECTION 11: MULTIPLE GESTATIONS

  Approach to Multiple Gestations

  Dichorionic Diamniotic Twins

  Monochorionic Diamniotic Twins

  Monochorionic Monoamniotic Twins

  Selective Fetal Growth Restriction

  Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome

  Twin Anemia-Polycythemia Sequence

  Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion

  Conjoined Twins

  Triplets and Beyond

  Fetus-in-Fetu

• FETAL INTERVENTION

  Monochorionic Twin Interventions

• SECTION 12: ANEUPLOIDY

  Approach to Genetic Screening

  Trisomy 21

  Trisomy 18

  Trisomy 13

  Monosomy X (Turner Syndrome)

  Triploidy

• SECTION 13: SYNDROMES AND MULTISYSTEM DISORDERS

  Approach to Syndromes

  22q11 Deletion Syndrome

  Aicardi Syndrome

  Amniotic Band Syndrome

  Apert Syndrome

  Bardet-Biedl Syndrome

  Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome

  Carpenter Syndrome

  CHD7-Related Disorder (CHARGE)

  Cornelia de Lange Syndrome

  Crouzon Syndrome

  Cystic Fibrosis

  Diabetic Embryopathy

  Fraser Syndrome

  Fryns Syndrome

  Generalized Calcification of Infancy

  Holt-Oram Syndrome

  Joubert Syndrome

  Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome

  Meckel-Gruber Syndrome

  Miller-Dieker Syndrome

  Muenke Syndrome

  Multiple Pterygium Syndromes

  Neu-Laxova Syndrome

  Niemann-Pick Disease Type C

  Noonan Syndrome

  Oculo-Auriculo-Vertebral Spectrum (OAVS)

  Pai Syndrome

  Pfeiffer Syndrome

  PHACES Syndrome

  Pierre Robin Sequence

  Sirenomelia

  Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome

  Treacher Collins Syndrome

  Tuberous Sclerosis Complex

  VACTERL Association

  Valproate Embryopathy

  Walker-Warburg Syndrome

  Warfarin (Coumadin) Embryopathy

  Wolf-Hirschorn Syndrome

  Zellweger Spectrum Disorder

• SECTION 14: INFECTION

  Cytomegalovirus

  Parvovirus B19

  Toxoplasmosis

  Varicella

  Congenital Syphilis

• SECTION 15: FLUID, GROWTH, AND WELL-BEING

  Approach to Fetal Well-Being

  Fetal Growth Restriction

  Macrosomia

  Fetal Anemia

• PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES

  Polyhydramnios

  Oligohydramnios

  Hydrops

• SECTION 16: MATERNAL CONDITIONS IN PREGNANCY

  Cervical Insufficiency/Short Cervix

  Myoma in Pregnancy

  Adenomyosis in Pregnancy

  Müllerian Duct Anomalies in Pregnancy

  Synechiae

  Uterine Dehiscence/Rupture

  Retained Products of Conception

• PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES

  Adnexal Mass in Pregnancy

  Acute Abdomen in Pregnancy

  Intrauterine Linear Echoes

  Postpartum Hemorrhage

  Postpartum Pain/Fever